Text Message Abbreviations And Language Skills Essay

If 1 wr 2 mk der paprz n txtese, wdnt it b g8 m8? Translation: If one were to compose their papers in text messaging lingo, wouldn’t it be great mate? From my perspective and hopefully yours as well, the answer to that question would be a capitol no, with a sad face emote. The purpose of this study was to determine if students who texted in excess of fifty times per day displayed below average formal writing skills. PhD Nenagh Kemp from the School of Psychology located at the prestigious University of Tasmania, authored this Australian paper in an attempt to answer if texting has any correlation with writing and spelling: Text-message abbreviations and language skills in high school and university students. Dr. Kemp predicts that after controlling for age and texting experience, textism use would predict a small but potentially significant amount of variance in scores of reading, spelling, and possibly also morphological awareness (Kemp, 2012). In contrast to my previous artic le review, Dr. Kemp placed a higher emphasis on using defined parameters, yielding clear, defined, and controlled data. Kemp stated, â€Å"The aim of this study was thus to investigate textism use among high school and university students. Specifically, we examined the proportion of textisms, the number of textism categories produced and the consistency with which textisms were spelled, and whether any of these differed between written and texted messages. We also explored the nature of the relationshipsShow MoreRelatedText Messaging: 2b or not 2b? by David Crystal Essay1007 Words   |  5 Pagesgeneration doesnt ring the doorbell. They text or call to say theyre outside,† this line is from one of the well-known social networks, Tweeter, which shows how the way of communication has change in this modern life. According to 2013 statistics by Business Insider, in United States alone, smartphone owners aged 18 to 24 send 2,022 texts per month on average — 67 texts on a daily basis — and receive another 1,831 texts (Cocotas). Nowadays, technology such as text messaging has practically replaced traditionalRead MoreCritical Analysis of John Humphrys Article â€Å"I H8 Txt Msgs†1410 Words   |  6 Pageswrecking our language, by John Humphrys, addresses text messaging as a threat to peoples ability to engage formally in use of the English language; especially in the younger generation. John Humphrys takes a unique perspective when analyzing the practice of text messaging. Humphrys focuses on the present and mainstream uses of text messaging, without analyzing the historical processes and the language values of the so called text speak. This paper will argue against John Humphrys claim. Text messagingRead MoreImpact of the Technology on Each Individual’s Behavior1129 Words   |  5 Pagesthe part of life and the influence of abbreviations leads a serious argument. The articles, however, vary in the situations and reacts diversity conclusions. â€Å"I Think, Therefore IM†, written by Jennifer 8. Lee observed from several high schools and colleges’ students have been using instant messaging from daily life to schoolwork and report. Some teachers take the abbreviations as an offence on formal English writing, but others recognize that it is a language evolution. And when it comes to culturesRead MoreTexting Is It Destroying Our English Language886 Words   |  4 Pagesit destroying our english language? According to Crystal there should be texting he finds it helpful in a way. â€Å"2B or not 2B†, Crystal states how texting is not a disaster â€Å"texting has added a new dimension to language use... its long-term impact is negligible. It is not a disaster† (Crystal,2008). People are worried that texting isn’t good for our literacy skills in this generation and so forth. We want to think that the youngsters came up with misplacing of abbreviations. This isn’t true Crys talRead MoreDoes Texting Have a Negative Influence on Written Language? Essay940 Words   |  4 PagesText messages are a multi-model- it is a written language that includes basics of spoken language. Texting is a quick and easy way of communicating with friends and families all over the world. During the 1900 there was only a few messages sent through the SMS, since then the use of text messaging has been increasing rapidly. Text messages have urbanized into a whole new language where there is several ways to express thoughts and feelings, this new form of communication has become so illustriousRead MoreThe Effect Of Texting On Student s Academic Writing1273 Words   |  6 PagesParents and teachers have speculated since the emergence of texting whether this new communication technology hinders the formality and accuracy of academic writing. Educators are concerned that students who text will incorporate â€Å"text language† into their academic writing and that texting con tributes to inaccuracy in writing. David Crystal in â€Å"Why All the Fuss?†, a chapter from his book, Txtng: The Gr8 Db8, presents a compelling and persuasive argument emphasizing that texting has not negativelyRead MoreThe Change in Language Due to Social Media 1208 Words   |  5 Pagescommunications and telephone. In fact several billion users benefit, it as a way of life and for their society as a whole. Throughout the usage of Facebook and twitter have spawned peoples writing skills into truncated language. In our today’s era most individuals are now using numerous of SMS abbreviations and phonetics for saving time and brevity, and capitals for emphasis that signify shouting in an aggressive way. As a result you can create multi-modal talk more or less confrontational using emoticonsRead MoreTexting : How It Is Ruining The English Language?989 Words   |  4 PagesTyler Smith Mr. Pace English 1101 Section V 27 August 2017 Text Messaging: How it is Ruining the English Language Texting is a convenient little invention; one can just send small messages to his or her friends with the push of a few buttons. It is a fast and effortless way to communicate, but has anyone thought of the potential harmful effects of texting? Sure, people think about the messages that were taken the wrong way, or messages meant to be insignificant, but what is the worst thing thatRead MoreHow Texting Is Causing A Deterioration Of Proper English Grammar?859 Words   |  4 Pagestexting mutilates the English language, student’s formal writing, or if it is just another way of writing. Abbreviations are often are being used instead of spelling the word out. Texting is a like a second language to teenagers and some adults. It is used to communicate with each other’s it is quick and easy. Texting is causing a deterioration of proper English grammar because of its use of abbreviations, incorrect punctuation, and capital letters. Most convincingly, text style has changed over theRead MoreComment and Response to Texting and Writing by Michaela Cullington691 Words   |  3 PagesCullington, I do not agree with many of her viewpoints. Cullington argues that texting does not affect a students writing. Textspeak, the abbreviation and shortening of words like used when writing a text message, does affect the way a student writes because they use the abbreviations, and their writings tend to lack punctuation. When a writer uses excessive abbreviations on a regular basis they can get stuck in the writer’s head causing them to use them in all of their writings. Cullington did make good

Childhood Obesity An Epidemic Essay - 796 Words

Title: Childhood Obesity General Goal: To Inform Specific Goal: I want my audience to know or understand that childhood obesity has become an epidemic. Thesis Statement: While there are numerous variables of childhood obesity, the two fundamental causes are eating an excessive amount and exercising too little. Introduction I. According to the World Health Organization, â€Å"the number of obese children ages 0-5 years increased from 32 million globally in 1990 to 42 million in 2013.† A. Really open your eyes the next time you go out. B. What you will see is what has seemingly become the new trend among children. C. According to the article, â€Å"Children’s Life Expectancy Being Cut Short by Obesity† from the New York Times, the current generation may have a shorter life span than their parents. D. Children’s waistlines are expanding at rapid speed. 1. The CDC reports that â€Å"from 1976-1980, children ages two to five had an increase of obesity from 5%to 10.4%. From 2007-2008, children ages 6-11 had an increase of obesity from 6.5% to 19.6%.† 2. Sources vary on the actual percent, but the general consensus is that about 15%-33% of American children are obese. II. After fully researching this topic, the root of childhood obesity has become very clear. III. Today, I will explain the two leading causes of childhood obesity: eating in excess and exercising too little. Body I. Eating in excess has generally been perceived as a major offender in regards to childhood obesity. A. The CDC statesShow MoreRelatedObesity : Childhood Obesity Epidemic1418 Words   |  6 Pageshis article â€Å"There is no Childhood Obesity Epidemic† discussed the there is a â€Å"stunning† drop in childhood obesity rate. He claims that obesity rates among two to five year olds have plunged over the past decade, and that the so called â€Å"obesity epidemic† had ended. I strongly disagree with Campos view that there is no childhood obesity epidemic, this is due to the researches that was done by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention which shows that childhood obesity has more than doubled inRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Childhood Obesity1216 Words   |  5 Pagesintervening in order to combat the epidemic of childhood obesity claim that, â€Å"parents who strive to keep their kids healthy may not have all the tools they need to do so† (â€Å"Childhood Obesity.† Issues Controversies). Therefore supporters agree that the government â€Å"s hould step in and enable parents to do the best job they can† (â€Å"Childhood Obesity.† Issues Controversies). Joe Thompson, â€Å"director of the Rober Wood Foundation Center to prevent Childhood Obesity† claims that not all parents are ableRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic876 Words   |  4 PagesChildhood Obesity Childhood obesity is more than a major issue in the United States: it is an epidemic. The number of overweight and obese children in America has increased at an alarming rate over the past years. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, childhood obesity has more than doubled in children and tripled in adolescents in the past 30 years [1]. American Heart Association stated, â€Å"Today one in three American kids and teens are overweight or obese; nearly triple theRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic834 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States, childhood obesity is an epidemic and in the past 30 years, childhood obesity have had nearly tripled. There are 31 % of American children and adolescents are either overweight or obese. And according to the numbers, more than 23 million of American children are either overweight or obese and more than 12 million are obese (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2013). The complications of obesity in the childhood period are broad, those include but limited to: hypertensionRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic1036 Words   |  5 PagesRainsu Kumbhani All About Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is an epidemic in U.S. In the year of 2012, about â€Å"one third of children and adolescents were overweight or obese.† Also, percentages of childhood obesity have increased by over ten percent in the last thirty years in children and adolescents (Childhood Obesity Facts 2015). These statistics are shocking, and many people are concerned for the health of their children. This medical condition, as defined by Mayo Clinic, leads to seriousRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Childhood Obesity Essay1053 Words   |  5 PagesThe Epidemic of Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity continues to increase substantially each generation, especially here in the United States. Today, children have become more lazy while eating unhealthy and in excess. This trend ultimately results in increased healthcare problems throughout their life. Childhood obesity has increased because children eat in excess, they are allowed to eat food which is unhealthy, they lack the exercise needed to maintain a healthy weight, and are permittedRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood obesity is an epidemic in America. Many experts like doctors and dietitians have narrowed the epidemic to a few causes some being lack of exercise, genetics, and food insecurity. Exercise and genetics could lead to obesity in the way that you need exercise to burn fat and some people are genetically more inclined to store more fat. Obesity is having excessive amount of fat that could lead to other health problem which is scary to think that childhood obesity is something that is on theRead MoreThe Epidemic of Childhood Obesity2154 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Childhood obesity is an epidemic that goes on throughout the United States. Studies have shown how obesity in children may start, and how it affects each and every child in America. Childhood obesity has been getting attention in the media from famous celebrities all the way to the First Lady of the United States. There are many things that cause childhood obesity and very few ways to stop it. However, there are people out there who are trying to help by getting children active, eatingRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Childhood Obesity3013 Words   |  13 Pages The epidemic of childhood obesity Childhood obesity is an important issue because of this diseases impact over the past few years. With the changing of lifestyles, the production of children who are not as healthy as they should be has increased. Due to these results, a widespread of children being obese has occurred. The Center for Disease Control, CDC, distinguishes between being overweight and being obese. Overweight simply means that the weight is high compared to others in the same height categoryRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic Essay1954 Words   |  8 PagesChildhood obesity is not merely an issue in the United States- it is an epidemic. The number of overweight and obese children in America has increased at an alarming rate over the past years, and there is no chance of it slowing down unless action is taken. Obesity puts children at a high risk of developing many serious illnesses. Not only do children who are obese have unhealthy weights, but they also have a high risk of having weak lungs, poor blood quality, and a variety of other sicknesses. Par ents

Computer, Internet, Privacy Essay Example For Students

Computer, Internet, Privacy Essay INTERNET REGULATION: POLICING CYBERSPACEThe Internet is a method of communication and a sourceof information that is becoming more popular among those whoare interested in, and have the time to surf the informationsuperhighway. The problem with this much information beingaccessible to this many people is that some of it is deemedinappropriate for minors. The government wants censorship,but a segment of the population does not. Legislativeregulation of the Internet would be an appropriate functionof the government. The Communications Decency Act is an amendment whichprevents the information superhighway from becoming acomputer red light district. On June 14, 1995, by a voteof 84-16, the United States Senate passed the amendment. Itis now being brought through the House of Representatives.1The Internet is owned and operated by the government,which gives them the obligation to restrict the materialsavailable through it. Though it appears to have sprung upovernight, the inspiration of free-spirited hackers, it infact was born in Defense Department Cold War projects of the1950s.2 The United States Government owns the Internet andhas the responsibility to determine who uses it and how itis used. The government must control what information isaccessible from its agencies. This material is not lawfully available throughthe mail or over the telephone, there is no validreason these perverts should be allowed unimpededon the Internet. Since our initiative, theindustry has commendably advanced some blockingdevices, but they are not a substitute forwell-reasoned law.4Because the Internet has become one of the biggest sourcesof information in this world, legislative safeguards areimperative. The government gives citizens the privilege of usingthe Internet, but it has never given them the right to useit. They seem to rationalize that the framers of theconstitution planned plotted at great length tomake certain that above all else, the profiteeringpornographer, the pervert and the pedophile mustbe free to practice their pursuits in the presenceof children on a taxpayer created and subsidizedcomputer network.3People like this are the ones in the wrong. Taxpayersdollars are being spent bringing obscene text and graphicsinto the homes of people all over the world. The government must take control to preventpornographers from using the Internet however they see fitbecause they are breaking laws that have existed for years. Cyberpunks, those most popularly associated with theInternet, are members of a rebellious society that arepolluting these networks with information containingpornography, racism, and other forms of explicitinformation. When they start rooting around for a crime, newcybercops are entering a pretty unfriendlyenvironment. Cyberspace, especially the Internet,is full of those who embrace a frontier culturethat is hostile to authority and fearful that anyintrusions of police or government will destroytheir self-regulating world.5The self-regulating environment desired by the cyberpunks isan opportunity to do whatever they want. The CommunicationsDecency Act is an attempt on part of the government tocontrol their free attitude displayed in homepages such asSex, Adult Pictures, X-Rated Porn, Hot Sleazy Pictures(Cum again + again) and sex, sex, sex. heck, its bettereven better than real sex6. What we are doing is simplymaking the same laws, held constitutional time and timeagain by the courts with regard to obscenity and indecencythrough the mail and telephones, applicable to theInternet.7 To keep these kinds of pictures off homecomputers, the government must control information on theInternet, just as it c ontrols obscenity through the mail oron the phone. .u402001fd20e08f3bc8d6e2bdd2d92f1c , .u402001fd20e08f3bc8d6e2bdd2d92f1c .postImageUrl , .u402001fd20e08f3bc8d6e2bdd2d92f1c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u402001fd20e08f3bc8d6e2bdd2d92f1c , .u402001fd20e08f3bc8d6e2bdd2d92f1c:hover , .u402001fd20e08f3bc8d6e2bdd2d92f1c:visited , .u402001fd20e08f3bc8d6e2bdd2d92f1c:active { border:0!important; } .u402001fd20e08f3bc8d6e2bdd2d92f1c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u402001fd20e08f3bc8d6e2bdd2d92f1c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u402001fd20e08f3bc8d6e2bdd2d92f1c:active , .u402001fd20e08f3bc8d6e2bdd2d92f1c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u402001fd20e08f3bc8d6e2bdd2d92f1c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u402001fd20e08f3bc8d6e2bdd2d92f1c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u402001fd20e08f3bc8d6e2bdd2d92f1c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u402001fd20e08f3bc8d6e2bdd2d92f1c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u402001fd20e08f3bc8d6e2bdd2d92f1c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u402001fd20e08f3bc8d6e2bdd2d92f1c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u402001fd20e08f3bc8d6e2bdd2d92f1c .u402001fd20e08f3bc8d6e2bdd2d92f1c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u402001fd20e08f3bc8d6e2bdd2d92f1c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Causes of the French Revolution EssayLegislative regulations must be made to controlinformation on the Internet because the displaying ordistribution of obscene material is illegal. The courts have generally held that obscenity isillegal under all circumstances for all ages,while indecency is generally allowable toadults, but that laws protecting children fromthis lesser form are acceptable. Its calledprotecting those among us who are children fromthe vagrancies of adults.8The constitution of the United States has set regulations todetermine what is categorized as obscenity and what is not. In Miller vs. California, 413 U.S. at 24-25, thecourt announced its Miller Test and held, at 29,that its three part test constituted concreteguidelines to isolate hard core pornography fromexpression protected by the First Amendment.9By laws previously set by the government, obscenepornography should not be accessible on the Internet. The government must police the Internet because peopleare breaking laws. Right now, cyberspace is like aneighborhood without a police department.10 Currentlyanyone can put anything he wants on the Internet with nopenalties. The Communications Decency Act gives lawenforcement new tools to prosecute those who would use acomputer to make the equivalent of obscene telephone calls,to prosecute electronic stalkers who terrorize theirvictims, to clamp down on electronic distributors of obscenematerials, and to enhance the chances of prosecution ofthose who would provide pornography to children via acomputer.The government must regulate the flow of information onthe Internet because some of the commercial blocking devicesused to filter this information are insufficient. Cybercops especially worry that outlaws are now able to usepowerful cryptography to send and receive uncrackable secretcommunications and are also aided by anonymousre-mailers.11 By using features like these it isimpossible t o use blocking devices to stop children fromaccessing this information. Devices set up to detectspecified strings of characters will not filter those thatit cannot read. The government has to stop obscene materials from beingtransferred via the Internet because it violates lawsdealing with interstate commerce. It is not a valid argument that consentingadults should be allowed to use the computer BBSand Internet systems to receive whatever theywant. If the materials are obscene, the law canforbid the use of means and facilities ofinterstate commerce and common carriers to ship ordisseminate the obscenity.12When supplies and information are passed over state ornational boundaries, they are subject to the laws governinginterstate and intrastate commerce. When information ispassed between two computers, it is subjected to the samestandards. The government having the power to regulate theinformation being put on the Internet is a proper extensionof its powers. With an information based system such as theInternet there is bound to be material that is notappropriate for minors to see. In passing of an amendmentlike the Communications Decency Act, the government would begiven the power to regulate that material. BIBLIOGRAPHYBuerger, David. Freedom of Speech Meets Internet Censors;Cisco Snubs IBM. Network World. Dialog MagazineDatabase, 040477. 31 Oct. 1994, 82. Diamond, Edwin and Stephen Bates. And Then There WasUsenet. American Heritage. Oct. 1995, 38. Diamond, Edwin and Stephen Bates. The Ancient History ofthe Internet. American Heritage. Oct. 1995, 34-45. Dyson, Esther. Deluge of Opinions On The InformationHighway. Computerworld. Dialog Magazine Database,035733. 28 Feb. 1994, 35. Exon, James J. Defending Decency on the Internet. Lincoln Journal. 31 July 1995, 6. Exon, James J. Exon Decency Amendment Approved by Senate.Jim Exon News. 14 June 1995. Exon, James J., and Dan Coats. Letter to United StatesSenators. 27 July 1995. .u689bae34c3a74f7f5ee505e660f1e7da , .u689bae34c3a74f7f5ee505e660f1e7da .postImageUrl , .u689bae34c3a74f7f5ee505e660f1e7da .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u689bae34c3a74f7f5ee505e660f1e7da , .u689bae34c3a74f7f5ee505e660f1e7da:hover , .u689bae34c3a74f7f5ee505e660f1e7da:visited , .u689bae34c3a74f7f5ee505e660f1e7da:active { border:0!important; } .u689bae34c3a74f7f5ee505e660f1e7da .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u689bae34c3a74f7f5ee505e660f1e7da { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u689bae34c3a74f7f5ee505e660f1e7da:active , .u689bae34c3a74f7f5ee505e660f1e7da:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u689bae34c3a74f7f5ee505e660f1e7da .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u689bae34c3a74f7f5ee505e660f1e7da .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u689bae34c3a74f7f5ee505e660f1e7da .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u689bae34c3a74f7f5ee505e660f1e7da .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u689bae34c3a74f7f5ee505e660f1e7da:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u689bae34c3a74f7f5ee505e660f1e7da .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u689bae34c3a74f7f5ee505e660f1e7da .u689bae34c3a74f7f5ee505e660f1e7da-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u689bae34c3a74f7f5ee505e660f1e7da:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: To Kill A Mockingbird - Injustice EssayGaffin, Adam. Are Firms Liable For Employee Net Postings? Network World. Dialog Magazine Database, 042574. 20Feb. 1995, 8. Gibbs, Mark. Congress Crazies Want To Carve Up Telecom. Network World. Dialog Magazine Database, 039436. 12Sept. 1994, 37. Horowitz, Mark. Finding History On The Net. AmericanHeritage. Oct. 1995, 38. Laberis, Bill. The Price of Freedom. Computerworld. Dialog Magazine Database, 036777. 25 Apr. 1994, 34. Messmer, Ellen. Fighting for Justice On The New Frontier. Network World. Dialog Magazine Database, 028048. 11Jan. 1993, S19.Policing Cyberspace. U.S. News WorldReport. 23 Jan. 1995, 55-60. Messmer, Ellen. Sen. Dole Backs New Internet AntipornBill. Network World. Dialog Magazine Database,044829. 12 June 1995, 12. Shifting Into The Fast Lane. U.S. News World Report. 23 Jan. 1995, 52-53. Taylor, Bruce A. Memorandum of Opinion In Support Of TheCommunications Decency Amendment. National Law Centerfor Children Families. 29 June 1995, 1-7. Turner, Bob. The Internet Filter. N.p.: TurnerInvestigations, Research and Communication, 1995. WebCrawler Search Results. Webcrawler. With the querywords magazines and sex. 13 Sept. 1995.

Women Entrepreneurship as a Barrier to Success in Bangladesh Essay Example

Women Entrepreneurship as a Barrier to Success in Bangladesh Essay A woman entrepreneur is defined as a woman who has alone or with one or more partners started or inherited a business, and is eager to take financial, administrative, and social risks and responsibilities, and participate in the day-to-day management activities (UNDP, 2004). Women in Asian countries like India, Myanmar and Bangladesh have played and also are playing a good role in politics. So, Bangladeshi women are enjoying freedom to join politics as well as business. But compared with the Unites States and the European countries, the number is still poor. In fact, women entrepreneurship development is a challenging phenomenon in Bangladesh as women are lagged behind (economically and socially) compared to men. Generally, women are more victimized as because of their illiteracy, unawareness, unorganized, powerless or less political representation, deprivation, rigid social customs, religious constrains and injustice by their counter partners particularly in rural area. Women constitute about a half of the total population in Bangladesh. So for proper representation of women in the arena of entrepreneurship development, women should constitute 50 per cent of the countrys total entrepreneurs. But the ground reality is totally different. The ratio is not even 10 per cent. The actual ratio is much lower than that. We do not know the exact number of women entrepreneurs in the country,† There is no real information on how many women entrepreneurs exist in the country. 1 Background In Bangladesh women entrepreneurs are coming up. If the last 10 years are taken into account, it will be clear that the number of women entrepreneurs has increased significantly. But the ratio of women entrepreneurs to their male counterparts is very low. In the recent years countries like Bangladesh have started paying attention to women. We will write a custom essay sample on Women Entrepreneurship as a Barrier to Success in Bangladesh specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Women Entrepreneurship as a Barrier to Success in Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Women Entrepreneurship as a Barrier to Success in Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Women entrepreneurs have improved their living conditions and earned more respect in the family and the society. The progress has been attained due to government policy supports and involvement of financial institution along with other support services. Bangladesh Bank (central bank of Bangladesh) issues policy guideline for scheduled banks to give priority to women while disbursing Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) credit. Meanwhile, good number of NGO-MFIs offers microfinance services to the women involving actively in micro, small and medium enterprises. Women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh face a range of challenges, including social and economic barriers, and networking and management constraints. Some of these challenges can be addressed through targeted government policies, including allocation of sufficient budget funds to support women entrepreneurs. In recent years, the Bangladesh Women Chamber of Commerce has been particularly active in promoting such policies. In particular, we are advocating the creation of a separate budget line item of one billion taka (approximately US $13. 5 million) to create a National Women’s Entrepreneurship Development Fund. Such a fund could be designed to address various issues, including access to credit, training for women entrepreneurs, and better market access for women. 2 Research Area Entrepreneurship â€Å"Entrepreneurship is the process where an individual or group of individuals, through organized efforts, risk time and money in pursuit of opportunities to create value and grow through innovation, regardless of the resources they currently control† (Robbins Coulter, 1996). What is the difference between Small business management and Entrepreneurship? As in his book, Timothy S. Hatten explains entrepreneurship is the process of identifying opportunities for which marketable needs exists and assuming the risk of creating an organization to satisfy them. On the other hand, a small business management is the contrast of an entrepreneurship. It is the ongoing process of owning and operating an established business (2006, p32). A study (Cooper, as quoted in Das, 2000) of women entrepreneurs in the western world, proposed that three factors influence entrepreneurship – antecedent influences (i. . , background factors such as family influences and genetic factors that affect motivation, skills and knowledge), the â€Å"incubator organization† (i. e. , the nature of the organization where the entrepreneur was employed just prior to starting a business; the skills learned there) and environmental factors (e. g. , economic conditions, access to venture capital and support services, role models) Women especially in South Asia, they have to overcome a lot of cultural religious and social pressures for playing an active role in the society. Many people incorporate social 3 pressures with religious pressure. â€Å"However social pressures does not have anything to do with religious values† (Rokia Afzal Rahman, 2007). Government policy for Development of Women Entrepreneurship The overall objective is to provide strategic direction for promoting competitive and responsible SME women’s entrepreneurship and embedding gender quality in all areas of works this creates gender sensitive business environment and accelerating economic growth in Bangladesh. Therefore, fostering women entrepreneurship and recognizing women as an important economic change agent, source of employment and innovation for building potential economic development. (SME foundation Bangladesh) Government Strategies for Development of Women Entrepreneurship (SME foundation Bangladesh) †¢ Providing a framework and strategic directions to identify the gender gaps, need, interest, and opportunities issues involved in women entrepreneurship development in the SME sector †¢ To promote the empowerment of women and gender equality through addressing the problems of exclusion of women relating to entrepreneurship mainstreaming the gender into policy level and facilitate effective support for these target groups. †¢ Support to women’s led trade bodies/associations for their building institutional capacity and competitiveness. 4 †¢ Assist gender sensitive value chain analysis for identifying the gender relationships impact on different parts of a value chain. †¢ To create favorable environment for women entrepreneurs and bring them in the mainstream of development process. †¢ To ensure full participation of women entrepreneurs in economic development of the country. †¢ To improve efficiency of women entrepreneurs in performing their business responsibilities. †¢ To strengthen institutional capacities for monitoring and evaluation of gender equality in the area of entrepreneurship development. †¢ To enhance women participation in the decisions making process and buildup capacity to improve knowledge, skills, abilities, aptitudes, values and preferences in order to setup a successful business. (2nd National SME Women Entrepreneur Conference 2008 suggested more regulations and policy for women entrepreneurship. †¢ †¢ †¢ Introduce gender sensitive vat, tax and duty for encouraging export Discourage import through vat/tax/duty imposition of womens produced product Review policy in the framework of gender analysis and ensure womens entrepreneur active participation in policy review process †¢ Build up the gender sensitive and common definition for SMEs 5 †¢ Increase access to information as well as develop dissemination mechanism at all level †¢ †¢ Develop appropriate implementation plan for gender action plan Develop one stop service center for women entrepreneur to accessing information Expand SME Foundation activities across the country to reaching grass root women entrepreneurs †¢ Develop linkage and network with business promotion council for mainstreaming gender issues in policy strategy and implementation level. Existing situation of Bangladesh In recent years, like other developing countries of the world, Bangladesh has been focusing attention on the most disadvantaged group in the society – the women. Realization has gradually dawned on all concerned that a society cannot afford to waste half of its human resources by discrimination on grounds of sex. This increasing awareness on the part of the government has led to the adoption of national policies to facilitate a development process involving women in all spheres particularly in economic activities focusing especially on entrepreneurship development. The overwhelming majority of women in Bangladesh are not only poor, but also caught between two vastly different worlds — the world determined by culture and tradition that confines their activities inside family homesteads, where they are regarded more as a commodity necessary only for bearing and rearing children and the world shaped by increasing 6 andlessness and poverty that focus them outside into various economic activities for survival. According to Bangladesh Household and Demographic survey (BHDS, 1998), literacy rate (7 years and above) among male was 54. 6 percent while for female, it was 42. 5 percent. (WNBA, 2009) Women entrepreneurship in the rural industries is a new arena in the socio- economic environment o f Bangladesh. In view of the need to bring the rural womenfolk in the development stream of the country, the Government, the NGOs and other related agencies have provided ample opportunities to promote entrepreneurial skill among women. Income- generating activities, credit facilities, skill training, market opportunities have all combined to pave the way for the emergence of entrepreneurial development among women in rural Bangladesh. (WNBA, 2009) Social Barriers Attitude: We have a negative attitude among our practical and male dominated society, which has become a major problem. As a result of this negativity attitude to women as well as women entrepreneurs is a regular circumstance in our society. Some problems are given below †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Society does not provide conducive environment for women in business Men are not positive toward women Male family members do not like to see women outside the home Bad comments and eve teasing 7 †¢ †¢ †¢ Family suspect women when they return home late Family members create barriers in their business When women returns home from training, the father and mother in laws create barriers out of suspension. (WNBA, 2009) Knowledge: Women normally lack behind knowledge because they do not ger convenient environment and opportunity to acquire knowledge. Knowledge is like the ground setup for awareness building. (WNBA, 2009) Structure: The basic unit of social structure is the family, which sets roles for men and women. Men have the economic control and therefore are the decision makers. Therefore women who live in a traditional male-controlled are dominated by a highly restricted social structure. (WNBA, 2009) Violence: As a social problem in our society violence is a common practice in our society. It is the most serious threat to overall development and progress of women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. Sometimes the husband pressurizes the women to retain her money with them. Mental and physical torture by husband, parents, siblings, Sexual harassment by bosses in offices and business activities. (WNBA, 2009) 8 Hypothesis The research paper will try to prove weather women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh is really a barrier or not. All the variables effecting women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh will be analyzed and on what scale they are affecting will be shown. Therefore, my null and alternative hypothesizes will be: Ho: Women entrepreneurship is a barrier to success in Bangladesh. H1: Women entrepreneurship is not a barrier to success in Bangladesh. However, during the research process I might face a lot of variables that might tend to prove my alternative hypothesis to be false by a smaller probability. Which means that women could really be successful entrepreneurs but some other variables needs to be kept constant i. e. cultural and religious hindrance against women entrepreneurship. Therefore I keep another alternative hypothesis to prove that my claim is still true. H2: Keeping VARIABLE/VARIABLES constant women entrepreneurship is not a barrier to success in Bangladesh. 9 Methodology Secondary Data Collection I used secondary data, which were collected by BWCCI (Bangladesh Women Chamber of Commerce and Industry) to do research on Situation Analysis of Women Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh, published in February 2008. The secondary data are used for descriptive statistical analysis which shows more prone problems relation to barriers to women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh Primary Data Collection The primary date are collected by taking a short and brief survey which will provide me some basic statistics about women and women entrepreneurship having barriers to their success. Some question will provide the present situation statistics while some other questions will only be used to do the hypothesis testing. Sampling †¢ Target population: The study’s primary focus is to have an overview about the situation of women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Different types of sampling procedures were undertaken considering types of stakeholder, geographical areas, time, budget etc. The sample will represent only Dhaka’s respondents. †¢ Sampling: I have chosen 30 women entrepreneurs form Dhaka for representation of the whole population. Since there is no comprehensive directory for women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh, I purposively selected respondents from streets, our university and some through surveymonkey. com 10 Data Collection †¢ Mostly quantitative collection of data is targeted through some structured and semi-structured questioner’s surveys. Open discussion on the actual barriers and how to did they overcome those and suggestions if they want to provide any. Primary research proposal questions in relation to hypothesis. Measures A cross checking mechanism was introduced to ensure the quality of data. Most of the variables were pre-coded. Some data were coded right after field study. After completion of the field study, I started to insert the data in computer-based worksheets, which were developed using SPSS, MS Word and Excel. Most of the data, both qualitative and quantitative, are analyzed through SPSS and MS Excel. 11 Primary Data Presentation and Analysis Socio-Demographic Background †¢ Age and Education: Highest proportion of women is in the age group of 2130,36%, which basically means that most of the women entrepreneurs are young in Bangladesh. 0 % of women entrepreneurs could receive education of Higher Secondary and Secondary School level of education. Age 41- ­? 50 17% 15- ­? 20 20% 31- ­? 40 27% 21- ­? 30 36% No Education 7% Primary 3% Education Post Graduation 10% Graduation 17% Class 8 3% SSC 33% HSC 27% 12 †¢ Marital Status: Form cultural perspective, marital status plays as an important factor to influence in women’s socio economic life. 5 3. 8 % are found to be married and 36. 6% unmarried. Widow separated and divorced consisted of 8. 7% of the surveyed observation. Marital Status 20 15 10 5 0 Married Single Divorced Profile of enterprises †¢ Motivating factors to enter into business: Despite of having so many problems and barriers to be successful for Women Entrepreneurship, the most important factor for their success can be, who actually motivates them the most. u? 29% of women are motivated by Inspiration from family family businesses. u? 24% believed to create self dependency u? 22% became entrepreneurs for self inspiration u? 22% became entrepreneurs for an extra income for the family 13 u? Economic Development (14%), Self Employment (12%), Upgrade social status (6%) †¢ Previous Occupation: Most (53%) of the Women Entrepreneurs were students before they actually started their own business. 23% women were housewife before they started business. We can find coherence of results here: Most women entrepreneurs are young deceived good minimum education. Previous Occupation 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Student Housewife Unemployed Other Business Service Others †¢ Duration of experience in business: 53% of women entrepreneurs in the sample have only three years or less than three years experiences in business. 18% of entrepreneurs have only one year of experience. The mean duration of experience from observed 30 women was 4. 9 years though. 31 years of maximum duration of experience found in the sample. 14 Year 1977-1992 1993-1999 2000-2003 2004-2007 Percentage 6. 7 10 36. 6 46. 7 Cumulative Percentage 6. 7 16. 7 53. 3 100 †¢ Main sectors u? 69. 4% of women were involved in production of handicrafts u? 16. 1 were involved in garments or home textile u? Others involved in printing, agro based, parlor, food etc. Main Sectors 13% Handicrafts Garments/ Textile 70% Others ( Printing, agro based, parlour, food etc) 17% 15 Experiences in Trade Licensing and Company Registration, Training Taxes †¢ Status of Company registration: 50% of the women did not have their enterprises registered with legal authorities. Most of them who have trade license run their business in Dhaka City Corporation. †¢ Reasons behind not having trade license: All of them who did not have trade license were asked what was the reason behind not having a trade license. The opinions expressed were the following. u? Unaware of the necessity of having trade license: u? Aware but not familiar with the process: u? Applied for trade license the process is going on: u? Others: 36. 6% 40% 1% 22. 4% Reasons for not having a Trade License 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Unaware Not Familiar Under Process Others 16 †¢ Training: 9. 2% of Women Entrepreneurs did not receive any sort of training till now. 35. 5% received training before starting business, 42. 1% got training after starting business. 10. 2% women received training before and after starting business. Most of the women who received training were from different NGOs, public institutions like Women and Children affairs department, youth development department chamber of commerce. Training Education 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 No training eceived Trained After Starting Trained before statrin Trained Before and Business Business after †¢ Sources of Starter capital: 36. 6 % of women are unmarried in my sample. The source of capital must have been hard to found. 60% of women had started their business with their own money. This is what makes women so much independent and consistent in what they do. O? Own S avings: O? Parents: O? Husband: 60% 40% 16. 7% 17 O? In-Laws: O? NGOs: O? Banks: 6. 7% 3. 3% 6. 7% †¢ TAX and VAT: Only 10 of them had tax id number and out of rest of them 46. 7% did not have any idea or awareness of having a tax token. Yes Tax ID Number Awareness of Tax/Vat 33. 3% 13. 3% No 66. 7% 46. 7% 40% Partially Hypothesis Testing At 90% significance level, I want to know if Women Entrepreneurship is a Barrier to Success in Bangladesh. My null and alternative hypothesizes are: Ho: Women Entrepreneurship is a Barrier to success in Bangladesh. And H1: Women Entrepreneurship is not a Barrier to success in Bangladesh. I am assuming that my null hypothesis is true; Women entrepreneurship is a barrier to success, this leads me to a one sided test. I have to find if it is a barrier or not (not if it has advantage). Saying that if it is a barrier or not, the mean of the population is assumed to be 0 (zero) which means that neither it is a barrier, nor an advantage. Negative mean would mean it is a barrier. Therefore, the sample mean also should represent something that lies between negative positive direction (the neutral value should be 0). Therefore, restating my hypothesizes : 18 Ho: H1:  µ 0 For my hypothesis testing, I selected 6 questions from BWCCI’s report and surveyed 10/30 women entrepreneurs from our sample (rich and poor mixed) and score them from a scale of minus 2 to positive two. The questions of the survey are as follows. A) Overall a positive environment for women to enter into business has been ensured B) Social and family responsibilities to promote women in business has increased? C) Quality of the assistance provided by the Government is gradually increasing? D) Social barriers are decreased? E) Women are getting proper price for their product? F) Having a trade license, is this an important thing for you? Scoring a question (-ve) 2 means that the person totally disagrees to that particular question and (+ve) 2 means that the person strongly agreed to that question. A zero represents neutral opinion. The summation of all scored 6 questions from one women entrepreneur represents the accumulated view of that person (Negative total means that her perception about Women Entrepreneurship is that it’s a barrier and vise versa) The following table shows the result of the 10 surveyed women entrepreneurs. A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 0 0 2 2 1 1 1 -1 0 B 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 2 1 1 C 0 -1 -1 1 0 1 0 2 0 -2 D -1 0 0 -1 2 1 0 2 -1 -1 E 0 0 -1 1 2 -1 2 2 0 0 F 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 2 -2 0 Total 0 1 -1 3 10 3 6 11 -3 -2 19 From the surveyed collection of data I found that only 3 of the women entrepreneurs thinks that women entrepreneurship is a barrier to success and 6 of them thinks it is not. The sample mean and standard deviation of the data is 2. 80 and 4. 85 respectively. The summary data show that most women believe Women entrepreneurship is not a barrier to success in Bangladesh. However, I am now going to conduct a hypothesis test from my sample data. Sample Mean, x = 2. 80, Sample Standard Deviation, s = 4. 85, 90% Significance level. Reject H1 if, P ( x = 2. 80| Ho true) lt; 0. 0 We have a very small sample of n=10, therefore we will have to use a T-statistics. The critical value of T with 10% confidence and 9 Degrees of freedom = -1. 383 Reject H1 if Tcallt; -1. 383 t-cal = (2. 80 – 0)/( 4. 85/SqRt 10) = 1. 83 The sample mean does not fall under the critical region and more over it is towards the positive direction. Therefore I have to reject my hull hypothesis and accept the alternat ive hypothesis. Women Entrepreneurship is not a Barrier to Success in Bangladesh. As I have my H1 true, I do not have to prove my alternative hypothesis 2. 20 Secondary Data Presentation and Analysis Socio-Demographic Background †¢ Types of Family and Number of Children: 31% of women live as in joint family and remainder in conjugal family. Among 53. 8% of married women, 70% of them had children and the mean number of children found was 1. 3 for each family. Which shows that most of the entrepreneurs had less or equal to 2 children. (WNBA, 2009) †¢ Educational background of Fathers and Husbands: 61% of the women entrepreneur’s fathers have at least college level of education. 55% of the husbands have a minimum graduation level of education. (WNBA, 2009) †¢ Occupational background of Fathers and Husbands: 34. 8 % of fathers and 43. % of husbands had Business occupational background. Therefore, we can see a strong correlation between women becoming entrepreneurs and the occupational business background of husband and father. (WNBA, 2009) Type of Occupation Public Service Private service Business Agriculture Unemployed Fathers Occupation 15. 7 18. 0 34. 8 12. 4 2. 2 Husbands Occupation 14. 5 30. 6 43. 5 1. 6 1. 6 21 Retired Students Total 15. 7 1. 1 100 4. 8 3. 2 100 †¢ Types of Business: Most of the women are involved in retail and manufacturing type of business. (WNBA, 2009) u? Manufacturing and trading: u? Service: u? Trading: u? Others: 60% 13. % 13. 3% 13. 3% Retail: Whole Sell Both: 43% 16. 2% 40. 8% †¢ Interval between starting point of business and company registration: Only 27. 5% of women could register their enterprise from within 1 month of the business. Although the median time taken for trade licensing was around 1 year from starting their business, but the mean time for registration was 6 years which is significantly not showing good result. (WNBA, 2009) †¢ Problems faced by the women entrepreneurs with different trade licensing authorities: (WNBA, 2009) Types of problems City mentioned Corporation Complex Process Time Consuming Bureaucratic Process u? ? u? Municipalities u? u? u? u? Union Parishad Tax Depart ment u? u? u? 22 Bribery Indecent Behavior Sexual harassment, teasing Lack of cooperation u? u? u? u? u? u? u? u? u? u? u? u? u? †¢ Problems faced by the women entrepreneurs due to not having trade license: (WNBA, 2009) o Could not get access to Bank loan and financial institutions o Could not participate in trade fair o Could not get membership with the chamber of commerce o Missed profitable orders and buyers o Could not enter into export-import oriented sectors Opinion of the women regarding company registration: (WNBA, 2009) o Making registration process easier o Make information available to women entrepreneurs o Create awareness regarding registration process o Establish a gender cell or at least a booth with employee to facilitate women to get trade license o Make the people gender sensitive o Organize training on regulatory process o Reduce company registration fee o Reduce complexity o Fasten registration process 23 Conclusion The first problem discussed in the beginning of this research paper was that women have an enormous pressure from the society and culture for which they cannot easily become an entrepreneur. My survey and the data from BWCCI show that Women these days get lot of support and aspiration from their family members. More the educated family is, more social support they get. As seen from BWCCI’s report on situation analysis of Women Entrepreneurs, showed that Women these days does not have that much difficulties starting their own businesses. The sample mean of their survey interview on page 34 is equal to 5. 7. I can see that the result of my survey sample agrees with that of BWCCI’s report. Both have positive mean but my one is a bit lower than theirs. The possible reason for this may have been that, I did not consider some more positive sides of the environment. However, I also did not consider some negatives score which they found that those have a huge impact i. e. Local Chamber coming forward to help women SME, women are not getting administrative and legal support. Both the samples show that women are not getting the proper price for their products. I cannot totally depend on the perception of women for their ease of doing business. They might also be showing false reason that they need more. Although most of them are correct about the tradelicensing thing. More than 50% of the women do not know anything about having a trade license to do business and most of the women from our sample does not even bother to have a trade license. All data collected from BWCCI represents the scenario of 2007. Now, more than 5 years have passed and so might the change in overall development for women to become entrepreneurs have changed drastically. 24 Recommendation Limitations Information gathered from BWCCI’s report â€Å"A situation Analysis of Women Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh† was published in 2008. The data allocated here are of 2007s’. The situation of Women entrepreneurs six years back cannot represent the present situation of Bangladeshi women entrepreneurs. †¢ BWCCI, for their easy accessibility to women entrep reneurs, they went only to BWCCI’s current members for interviews. Some other limitations mentioned in the report are as follows: o To get response from women entrepreneurs for all questions was really a great challenge as women entrepreneurs were found to be very busy. Some important information was missed. o It was hard to reach some areas during the field study. o The study could not apply random sampling methods. o Some information were related to perception of the surveyed women entrepreneurs, this cannot be use to predict the overall situation of women entrepreneurs. The women entrepreneurs who are having business in large scale were not included is this study, still this can hold a positive side to the research as these examples are outliers. 25 Reference Robbins, S. P. , Coulter, M. , Stuart-Kotze, R. (1996). Management. 5†Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ed. Englewood Cliffs. NJ. Hatten, T. S. , Coulter, M. (1997). Small business: Entrepreneurship and beyond. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Rahman, R. A. (2007). Policy Dialogue Series. Dhaka. www. smef. com Rahman, M. M. , (Feb 2009). Women’s national business agenda. Dhaka: BWCCI. Uddin Shamim, M. (2008). Building women in business: A situation analysis of women entreprene urs in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Women Chamber of Commerce and Industry. †¢ Women Entrepreneurship in SME: Bangladesh reality, by Ferdousi Sultana, Unpublished, Dhaka: 2009 †¢ 26 To: Dr. Deena P. Forkan Date: February 26,2013 Re: Proposal to do a research on From: Rafsanjani Rahat â€Å"Women Entrepreneurship in Bangladesh: Barriers to Success† Abstract: The research paper focuses on mainly how women in Bangladesh are involved to be self-employed and the corresponding success they achieve. The study will provide a report, which will show what percentage of women in Bangladesh likes to be entrepreneurs, proportion of women becoming successful, what are the barriers to be successful, the factors that can motivate women entrepreneurship, the opportunities and threats for the growth of women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. At the end, the report will provide suggestion for women to be encouraged in self-employment. Questioners might be suggested for future research. Research Scope: †¢ What is Entrepreneurship? †¢ What are the Government policy for Development of Women Entrepreneurship in Bangladesh? †¢ What are the Government Strategies for Development of Women Entrepreneurship in Bangladesh? †¢ What is the existing Situation of Bangladesh? †¢ What are the social other problems? 27 Hypothesis: The research paper will try to prove weather women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh is really a barrier or not. All the variables effecting women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh will be analyzed and on what scale they are effecting will be shown. Therefore, our null and alternative hypothesizes will be: Ho: Women entrepreneurship is really a barrier to success in Bangladesh. H1: Women entrepreneurship is not really big barrier to success in Bangladesh. However, during the research process I might face a lot of variables that might tend to prove my alternative hypothesis to be false by a smaller probability. Which means that women could really be successful entrepreneurs but some other variables needs to be kept constant i. . cultural and religious hindrance against women entrepreneurship. Therefore I keep another alternative hypothesis to prove that my claim is still true. H2: Keeping VARIABLE/VARIABLES constant women entrepreneurship in not really a big barrier to success in Bangladesh. Methodology: The methods to do this research report will be very much precise and easy techniques will be ad opted for better understandability of the regression analysis. The primary source of information, which I am planning, will be from interviewing at least two prominent successful women entrepreneur in Bangladesh. The second source of data will be by surveying new generation women undergraduates. I would like to take 28 and note down their opinion of what do they think about themselves being their own boss and if they don’t want, what are the factors that they think are stopping them to be entrepreneurs. With all these primary sources of data I will try to run a regression analysis and verify them with academic journals from wherever I need to get them. I will try to bring some other country’s report on women being supported as to become successful entrepreneurs. The report will try to explain the other relatedness factors of successful women entrepreneurs that various Human Resource Management people have to say. Timetable: After we being held with our official timing to start our research project, I plan to do the following things in the due time given below. Time 1st Week To do list Finding and gather academic journals that will be useful for my research report. 2nd Week Reading all the journals that have been gathered and in the meantime, preparing questionaries’ for the interviews and the survey. rd Week By the starting of the 3rd week, I will start drafting the report and take the interview and survey. 4th Week Survey data need to be analyzed through running a regression and sort out the findings. I will try to finish writing the research paper by the end of the 4th week or if not possible then I might take few days the 5th week. After finishing typing, I will print a draft for 29 showing it my honorable English faculty, Deena Fo rkan man to skim through the project if every thing is fine. December 6th Final Submission of the research report. Request for app

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