Playboy of the Western World Free Essays

The Playboy of the Western World picks up its title from the scene wherein Christy can’t be beaten in play at any of the town sports, thus he turns into the â€Å"playboy. † The expression â€Å"of the Western World† drives the route into Synge’s topic of Irish mythmaking, at that point still particularly recognizable in unsophisticated laborer gatherings. With the consideration of this expression, the fantasy of the playboy envelops the entire world. We will compose a custom exposition test on Playboy of the Western World or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Mythmaking goes astray from the real world, as is clarified by the stretch of the title: Irish town game title can’t potentially trump a whole universe of competitors. Synge isn’t talking about a widespread subject yet rather uncovering an especially Irish topic, that of mythmaking. The play opened in January of 1907 at Yeats’s Irish Literary Theater to shocked ire and mobs yet through the span of the twentieth century has picked up ever more noteworthy cash among pundits. Had Yeats not held an open discussion on the idea of aesthetic opportunity, The Playboy may have kicked the bucket a dishonorable passing. As it occurs, however, the play has by later pundits been called â€Å"the generally rich and bounteous store of character since Shakespeare’’ (P. P. Howe) and a play â€Å"riotous with the fast surge of life, a whirlwind of the passions† (Charles A. Bennett). These appear to be the reasons that The Playboy of the Western World has current intrigue. Though unique crowds thought about profound quality and correct portrayals of people groups and nations, the expanding and consistently expanding go after authenticity, ethnic assorted variety and valid portrayals has brought The Playboy into vogue since it was the cutting edge and the forerunner of what is by and by esteemed and looked for after: disclosed authenticity. By chance, one may contend this divulged authenticity, which is the symbol of the current milieu, has been conveyed so far that â€Å"realism† is presently an extravagant in that it is a reality past the real world and that it conveys such clout that it is making new truth (of faulty advantage) afterward, which is a dissimilar reality from the authenticity that Synge delineated in the wake of living with, considering and catching in three acts the social and mental real factors on the Aran Islands, from which he inferred The Playboy of the Western World. Step by step instructions to refer to Playboy of the Western World, Essay models

Diabetes :: essays research papers

Diabetes is a deep rooted infection set apart by raised degrees of sugar (glucose) in the blood. It very well may be brought about by too little insulin (a concoction delivered by the pancreas to direct glucose), protection from insulin, or both. Around 2.7 million or 11.4% of every single African American matured 20 years or more seasoned have diabetes. Notwithstanding, 33% of them don't have any acquaintance with it. The most hazardous results of diabetes are coronary illness and stroke, which hit individuals with diabetes more than twice as frequently as they do others. Grown-ups with diabetes have coronary illness demise rates 2 to multiple times higher than those without diabetes. African Americans with diabetes are at expanded hazard for coronary illness, stroke and other full scale vascular confusions. Different inconveniences of diabetes incorporate visual deficiency, kidney sickness, and removals. Most African Americans (around 90 to 95 percent) with diabetes have type 2 diabetes. This kind of diabetes for the most part creates in grown-ups and is brought about by the body's protection from insulin and to weakened insulin discharge. In spite of the fact that it is an intense sickness, diabetes can be treated with diet, work out, diabetes pills, and infused insulin. Few African Americans (around 5 percent to 10 percent) have type 1 diabetes, which as a rule creates before age 20 and is constantly treated with insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is expected to change over sugar, starches and other food into vitality required for day by day life. The reason for diabetes keeps on being a puzzle, albeit both hereditary and natural factors, for example, weight and absence of activity seem to assume jobs. Significant Types of Diabetes Type 1 diabetes results from the body’s inability to create insulin, the hormone that â€Å"unlocks† the cells of the body, permitting glucose to enter and fuel them. This sort of diabetes is generally analyzed in kids and youthful grown-ups, and was recently known as adolescent diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is the most widely recognized type of diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, either the body doesn't create enough insulin or the cells overlook the insulin. Sugar is the essential fuel for the cells in the body, and insulin takes the sugar from the blood into the cells. At the point when glucose develops in the blood as opposed to going into cells, it can mess two up: †¢Ã‚     Right away, your cells might be famished for vitality. †¢Ã‚     Over time, high blood glucose levels may hurt your eyes, kidneys, nerves or heart.

Blog Archive Professor Profiles Nicholas Barberis, Yale School of Management

Blog Archive Professor Profiles Nicholas Barberis, Yale School of Management Many MBA applicants feel that they are purchasing a brand when they choose a business school to attend, but the educational experience itself is crucial to your future, and no one will affect your education more than your professors. Each Wednesday, we profile a standout professor as identified by students. Today, we profile  Nicholas Barberis  from the Yale School of Management. The Stephen and Camille Schramm Professor of Finance at the Yale School of Management (SOM) since 2006, Nicholas Barberis  (Investor) received his BA from Cambridge University in 1991 and his PhD from Harvard University in 1996. Barberis’s research focus is on behavioral economics, and he uses psychology to better understand trading behavior. In the core course “Investor,” which is primarily lecture based, he educates aspiring managers about asset allocation, valuation, futures and options, and returns and risk in markets. Through the course, students explore risk and reward in investment through the themes of economics, psychology and organizational behavior. Speaking of the course in a February 2012 SOM News article, Barberis said, “Psychology … can be helpful in understanding what goes on in markets. … Real-world finance is much more than just crunching numbers.” A 12-minute video excerpt from Barberis’s “Investor” course is available on YouTube. For more information on other defining characteristics of the MBA program at Yale or one of 15 other top business schools, please check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Professor Profiles Yale University (School of Management)

The Human Race A Great Deal Over The Course Of Recent...

Abstract The human race has advanced a great deal over the course of recent history, particularly so since the 18th century. Countless of these developments in society can be attributed to the achievements of engineers - however, despite this, many do not realise their contribution and importance. One of the fundamental bases behind these engineering feats is the harnessing of energy sources, such as electrical and heat energy. This has allowed for many innovations, for example power stations, transportation, communications and computers, which have all become critical to society and the modern world in which we live. 1 – Introduction It is almost impossible, today, to look around you and not see the products of engineering, pretty much regardless of where one may be. In this way, advancements in engineering and its various branches have clearly allowed humanity to develop in immeasurable ways or this would not be the case (Frank C. Whitmore, 1979). However, those who do not have much knowledge of the background processes behind this infrastructure may not realise its impact as deeply or may not realise the impact of engineering at all - despite modern society’s fundamental dependence upon it (National Academy of Engineering, 2001). One of the most important aspects of the development of engineering is the harnessing of different energy sources and the world, today, is highly reliant upon this (Narendra Singh Rathore, 2007). This report will endeavour toShow MoreRelatedSocial Construction of Race and How It Affects Society Essay740 Words   |  3 PagesHumans define race by how they conceive and categorize different social realities. Thus, race is often referred to as a social construct. The differences in skin color and facial characteristics have led most of society to classify humans into groups instead of individuals. These constructs affect us all, and they often result in situations where majority racial groups cause undue suffering to those that are part of the minority. The understanding of race as a social construct is best illustratedRead MoreLabor Unions During The Civil War1405 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States over recent history has brought about a movement. This specific movement has shaped the way that employees and workers are treated in the workforce,and how they maintain their quality of life through this employment. Many people think that the labor unions’ influence has created a power struggle between management and union leaders. In many cases this can be considered true, as there have been countless feuds between management teams and labor unions, es pecially in recent history. In today’sRead More Development of Anthropology as a Discipline in the United States1580 Words   |  7 PagesDevelopment of Anthropology as a Discipline in the United States I. Early History of Anthropology in the United States 1870-1900 â€Å"The roots of anthropology lie in the eye-witness accounts of travelers who have journeyed to lands on the margins of state-based societies and described their cultures and in the efforts of individuals who have analyzed the information collected. In the late 1960’s and early 1970’s, a number of anthropologists recognized that the practice of anthropology was intimatelyRead MoreImpact Of Sustainability On The Environment1715 Words   |  7 Pageselectricity and food by building occupants† and so on. What exactly is ‘Sustainability’? This essay is aimed at coming to a generalized definition of this world considering various parameters and aspects of day to day life. Examples from history of the world, history of humanity, development of science and technology, lifestyle, education, politics, social structures are discussed to understand and come to a generalized definition. Understanding the word ‘Sustainability’ will be much cleare r and easierRead MoreElementary Classroom : A Wide Variety Of Learning Needs993 Words   |  4 Pagesmuch more racially diverse in recent years. The Hispanic population is the largest minority population present at about 12 percent, followed by 6 percent Asian, 4.5 two or more races and 2 percent black. Despite increasing minority populations only one percent of the student body are English Language Learners. Approximately 13 percent of the student body qualifies for free and reduced lunch. This school recently transitioned into fully inclusive classrooms so many courses are blended and taught withRead MoreEssay on Evolution VS. Creationism1412 Words   |  6 PagesSince the beginning of the human race there has been a lingering question as to the origins of man and how all living things acquired their characteristics. The two main theories that arose over time were Creationism and Evolution, both of which provided very distinct answers to this question. Creationism based its an swer on the idea of a supernatural power or being that created the entire universe, man and the numerous other organisms that live within it. While, Evolution theorizes that all livingRead MoreCivil Disobedience By David Martin Luther King1250 Words   |  5 Pagestime the need for human mankind to overcome oppression avoiding violence without resorting to oppression with violence. I am in favor of the civil disobedience, because it the only way of getting our voices heard and of to stopping, the corruption in the government, force them to make laws that protect the citizens norms of life. Human mankind must evolve and learn for all human conflict a method which rejects, congregation, revenge, aggression, and retaliation, against any human beings. Dr. MartinRead MoreEthics 101 Final1714 Words   |  7 Pages Ethnic Studies Final 1. When discussing stereotypes and race, it is important to recognize how insignificant skin color is. Racism itself if focused mainly on cultural states, and more times than not, whites are considered culturally superior to people of color. The treatment of African Americans and Native Americans in American culture perfectly demonstrate how oppositional dichotomies of race  define racial stereotypes. Cultural dominance was set since the first settlers began to participateRead MoreThe Legacy Of African Americans2130 Words   |  9 Pageswritings were a great end to the readings of the semester. It not only summed up the history of the time but also the means some Africans were taking to combat the false assumptions about Africans that had been held against them throughout history. These authors have collected any writing on the history of African Americans and used it to show the history, influence and great civilizations they have had in the past. They were attempting, through there research to find thier history to promote theRead MoreSociological Perspective on Homelessness1248 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Student first and last name Course title and number Professors name Due date Sociological Perspective on Homelessness Homelessness is a social problem that is prevalent around the world. Homelessness has existed for much of civilized human history. In the last two centuries, homelessness and changed and expanded. Sociologists who study and research homelessness have argued over its formal definition for decades, though for some, the definition of homelessness seems self explanatory and obvious

Color Tone, Gradient, Race, And Ethnicity - 1098 Words

John Schmidt LITR 280 Dr. Garcà ­a 23 November 2015 Cincuenta Sombras de Moreno Pigment, skin tone, gradient, race, and ethnicity. These characteristics unite and divide humans from all walks of life all around the world. While many countries and cultures throughout the world try to downplay the role of superficial conclusions based on perceived ethnicity, usually based on skin tone, it is difficult because for many cultures, skin tone and its implications are as much a part of reality as any other cultural moniker. The Dominican Republic is one of these countries. Since colonial times, skin tone has played a larger role than just signifying what part of the world one hails from; in the DR, skin tone is even more important than money and privilege as an indicator of one’s apparent class. This bias and self-hatred revolving around skin tone is apparent in the characters of Oscar and Belà ­ in Junot Diaz’s The Brief and Wonderous Life of Oscar Wao, which serves as a great example of just how engrained skin tone politics are for Dominicans, even for the traditionally non-marginalized upper class and those who leave the confines of Hispaniola. Before diving into the effects of the racism and prejudice brought about by the Dominican Republics deeply held bias, it is important to understand the origin. Santo Domingo, in present-day Dominican Republic, is the oldest European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. The island of Hispaniola (then Espaà ±ola) was â€Å"discovered† by ChristopherShow MoreRelatedTest Questions: Hispanic and Latino American Diversity1305 Words   |  6 Pageshighlight or bold to mark your answers. 1. The development of solidarity between ethnic subgroups, as reflected in the terms Hispanic and Asian Americans is called a. symbolic ethnicity b. ethnic solidarity c. panethnicity d. ethnic paradox 2. The common heritage of Hispanics is a. culture. b. race. c. language. d. all of these 3. At the beginning of the 21st century, Latino households can expect to earn __________ received by White households. a. 40 cents on the dollar Read MoreAffirmative Action Is The Current Method For Combating Systematic Racism1602 Words   |  7 Pageswants to ignore them, or if it wants to choose to face them, and recognize that previsions must be made to rectify the past, and those issues that haunt it in the present. It is an undeniable fact that racism still prevails. The full extent to which race impacts one’s lifestyle is undefinable; it effects where people live, what jobs they have, what schools they go to. Today, just under fifty percent of Hispanic and Black students attend high-poverty schools. At such schools, the resources availableRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society2655 Words   |  11 Pagesat all aspects in history, in recent years Black women have been hyper sexualized for their bodies and exploited for their beauty. Black bodies especially that of Black women’s, are the most degraded, attacked, disrespected and devalued of all the races. The sheer act of being a Black person or a Black woman opens the door for devaluation. Black women, specifically, are sexualized without consent and regardless of their behavior. Social media plays a big part in how black women are represented toRead MoreGeriatric Assessment7902 Words   |  32 Pagesalready mentioned) Allergies, including clinical description of exposure Medications, including dosage, duration and indication Diet Social History Birthplace and residences (if not native born, year of entry into United States) Level of education Ethnicity and race Marital status Quality of significant relationships and health of partner Vocation, including type of industry, past and present industrial exposures, duration of employment and retirement Avocations, including hobbies and other interests HabitsRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesChi-Square Tests for Univariate Data 647 12.2 Tests for Homogeneity and Independence in a Twoway Table 660 12.3 Interpreting and Communicating the Results of Statistical Analyses 677 Activity 12.1 Pick a Number, Any Number . . . 680 Activity 12.2 Color and Perceived Taste 680 Graphing Calculator Explorations 685 13 Simple Linear Regression and Correlation: Inferential Methods 689 13.1 Simple Linear Regression Model 690 13.2 Inferences About the Slope of the Population Regression Line 702 13.3

Soul Surfer Book Report Essay - 721 Words

Soul Surfer Summer Read Questions 1. Soul Surfer takes place in Kauai, Hawaii. In the story, the main character-Bethany Hamilton- is an extremely talented surfer. Her whole life basically revolved around surfing, she loved it more than anything else in the world. Bethany spent most of her time in the water, either practicing or competing. Until one day during a practice session with her best friend, Alana Blanchard, something tragic occurred. Bethany was attacked by a 14 foot tiger shark. Alana, and her father and brother rushed Bethany to the hospital, in fear that she might die. Ironically, Bethany’s father was getting surgery that day, and he left his room so that his daughter could be helped. It was her and her family’s faith in God†¦show more content†¦In this case, becoming a professional surfer. Bethany didn’t even let her arm getting ripped off stop her from success. Bethany Hamilton didn’t have many weaknesses, but she did have one that affected her greatly. All she cared about was surfing. Rather than going to Mexico with her youth group, Bethany chose to stay home and surf. This is when she was attacked by the shark. 3. I did enjoy the book Soul Surfer. It was a very inspirational, touching story. I was inspired greatly by Bethany Hamilton’s courage and will to accomplish her dreams, despite the challenge. I was touched by her story, and how she overcame her obstacles with the help of God. The book was told from a first person point of view. I liked this a lot, because it allowed the reader to fully understand Bethany’s emotions towards what was happening. From another person’s point of view, Bethany seemed like she was feeling fine, and recovering well, but on the inside she really wasn’t. This was the right point of view to tell such a story that involved so many hidden emotions. 4. The book Soul Surfer can obviously be compared to the movie Soul Surfer. But another motivational story that I could compare it to would be 127 Hours. In this movie, a man goes exploring in a canyon, and didn’t tell anyone where he was going. He was climbing down a crevice, and a large rock fell and trapped his arm in between the rock walls. He had to cut off his right arm with a dulledShow MoreRelatedEcommerce Success and Failure Stories7659 Words   |  31 Pagesreleased or acquired by Google Inc. All products of Google ensures Flexibility, Quality and Convenience. Search: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Alerts: Get email updates on the topics of your choice Blog Search: Find blogs on your favourite topics Books: Search the full text of books Google Chrome: A browser built for speed, stability and security Desktop: Search and personalise your computer Directory: Browse the web by topic Images: Search for images on the web Maps: View maps and directions News: Search thousandsRead MoreMm-Chapter 1-3 Dawn Iacobucci17854 Words   |  72 PagesExchange Relationship 3 Marketing Is Everywhere 3 Why Is Marketing Important? 5 Marketing and Customer Satisfaction Is Everyone’s Responsibility 6 The Marketing Framework: 5Cs, STP, and 4Ps 7 The Marketing Science of Customer Behavior 8 Summary and Book Layout 11 The Marketing Framework: 5Cs, STP, 4Ps 12 The Flow in Each Chapter: What? Why? How? 12 Endnotes 13 ChaPter 2 Ma rke ti ng Se gme nta t i o n 14 Why Segment? 15 What Are Market Segments? 16 What Are Some Bases for Segmentation? 17 An IllustrationRead MoreApple Ipad Marketing Plan10287 Words   |  42 Pagesrelated software, services, peripherals and networking solutions. It also designs, develops, and manufactures a line of portable digital music players along with related accessories and services including online distribution of third-party music, audio books, music videos, short films and television shows. Apples products and services include the Macintosh line of desktop and notebook computers, the iPod digital music player, the Xserve G5 server and Xserve Raid storage products, a portfolio of consumerRead MoreBusiness Journalism in India26104 Words   |  105 PagesCommission) is the part-time Member of the Thirteenth Finance Commission.   Shri Sumit Bose is the Secretary, Thirteenth Finance Commission. What is the tenure of the Thirteenth Finance Commission?    The Finance Commission is required to give its report by 31st October, 2009. Its recommendations will cover the five year period commencing from 1st April, 2010. The Recession 2008 In the fall of 2008, the credit crunch, which had emerged a little more than a year before, ballooned into Wall Street’sRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesComputer, Inc. Used herein under license. Library of Congress Control Number: 2006933904 Student Edition: ISBN-13: 978-0-495-11873-2 ISBN-10: 0-495-11873-7 ââ€"   To my nephews, Jesse and Luke Smidt, who bet I wouldn’t put their names in this book. R. P. ââ€"   To my wife, Sally, and my daughter, Anna C. O. ââ€"   To Carol, Allie, and Teri. J. D. ââ€"   About the Authors puter Teacher of the Year award in 1988 and received the Siemens Award for Advanced Placement in mathematics in 1999Read MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 Pagesbeen informed that a MIS is built upon three fundamental information sources. The sources are ________, marketing intelligence activities, and marketing research. A) external records and documents B) databases found on the Internet C) consultant reports D) internal company records E) secondary data from government sources such as the Better Business Bureau Answer: D Page Ref: 69 Objective: 1 Difficulty: Easy 2) The companys marketing information system should be a mix of what managers

Grief for the Dead and Dying

Questions: How does Wolterstorff find joy after his loss? What is the meaning and significance of death in light of the Christian narrative? How does the hope of the resurrection play a role in comforting Wolterstorff? Answers: Introduction: It is universally accepted that human beings have emotions which leads them to emotionally involve with others. The emotion is felt when they are about to lose their near ones with whom they becomes emotionally attached. The grief that grows is not for the dying person but for the short-lived attachment. The discussion highlights the book named Lament for a son written by Wolterstorff in the honor of his deceased son who was just twenty-five years of age and died in an accident occurred during his mountain climbing. Lament for a son became a voice for those who also lost someone near to them. The stages of grief: Many researchers in this field identified that there are five stages classified for grief due to death of a person or the person himself dying: The stage of denying: In this stage the people who are dying or whose close relatives are dying are not prepared to accept the reality, hence they isolate themselves in order to believe the fact which is supported by others and not themselves (Mallon, 2008). The stage of anger: Here the person gets angry, and expresses their uncontrolled anger to others (Green, 2010). His actions become the reflection o the anger he has adopted for himself. The stage of dealing: In this stage the person starts bargaining with the present circumstances. They seek for advance treatment facilities and trust people who give a positive hope for survival. The stage if Depression: Depression is almost equal to mourning. It is of two types, the first being the implication of reactions and the second one is private reaction. The stage of Accepting : At this stage the person is prepared to accept the circumstances. This is commonly indicated as a resistance for grieving. It is also marked as an act of bravery. At this phase the sufferer tends to be withdrawing and calm in nature. The joy found by Wolterstorff after he lost his son: It was no sooner after the death of his son that Wolterstorff found he took for granted the presence of his son (Wolterstorff, 1987). When he realized that he understood how much he loved Eric, his son. He kept on saying about his son instead of forgetting. Christian narrative significance of death in light: The separation of the eternal soul form the mortal body is known as death according to Christianity. It was believed that God created human-beings in light of creatures of the ancient times and mentioned the good about it (Taylor, 2005). But a person doesnt really crave for quintessence beyond time. This leads people to be afraid of death. Death in light refers to the sudden death which makes a positive overview and makes people believe that death is not supposed to be afraid. When a soul enjoys the beauty of death more than being afraid of dying, it is called death in light. Wolterstorff hope of resurrection: The biblical context did not console him nor did remind him for the hope of resurrection. Forgetting this thought would have brought a light for reminding about the hope. According to Wolterstorff death is not an incessant pit. He felt something has ended and in the end of every hope he adapted, he knew that his son is not going to come back. Everything made him remember his son till he reached the point of acceptance. Conclusion: The reactions for loss is general yet there are diverse type of reactions. It is the degree of attachment that determines the response of a person (Dastur, 2012). The mental strength of a person also plays a big role. If the person is very practical then he can deal with any type of grief and sorrow. The stages are not always applicable for every kind of grief. The person needs to understand about people who are gone will never return. Grief cannot be defined in the stage of dealing but when the person has successfully overcome the grief. References Dastur, F. (2012).How are we to confront death?. New York: Fordham University Press. Green, L. (2010).Understanding the life course. Cambridge: Polity. Mallon, B. (2008).Dying, death, and grief. Los Angeles: SAGE. Taylor, I. (2005).Religion and life with Christianity and Islam. Oxford: Heinemann. Wolterstorff, N. (1987).Lament for a son. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans.

The Tartar Steppe Review Essay Example

The Tartar Steppe Review Paper Essay on The Tartar Steppe I read books I choose spontaneously. Hand offhand pulls with bookshelves Tomiki .. opens at a random location and tasting the eye. One paragraph is usually enough. And what is most interesting, something like this is that the next book will show exactly the most relevant questions for me. Let not the right, but at least indirectly. About the book Dino Buzzati The Tartar Steppe we can say that it was not just a response to my questions of middle-aged men. It was the last Chinese warning that fate put in my hands. Such a direct allegory of his own life, Ive never met In front of me appeared on the pages of the book one persons life -. Officer Giovanni Drogo, who devoted himself to the army. And went to serve in an abandoned frontier fortress, which became in the end it mousetrap More specifically mousetrap was not the army as such, and not even the fortress, and the illusion that taking some decisions in our lives, we always we are able to cancel them, change; hitting a dead end in life, at any time, be able to go back. We will write a custom essay sample on The Tartar Steppe Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Tartar Steppe Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Tartar Steppe Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As if in mockery of the fate of the young officer immediately gave him such an illusory chance of fate -vyrvatsya traps. When Giovanni still had the strength to do it. But Drogo ignored them and with this first step event raced in Rapid shooting a mans life in front of unfolded bud, blossomed and withered curled lump. And, as the story progresses the speed of the fading only increased What, in my opinion, was the reason for such an exchange of life Giovanni -. Any step towards illusion, any concession to her, her makeup changes us It makes more weak-willed, conformal The illusion addictive. Today, you say to yourself no, I do not like it, but I put up, gather strength and I will tear. Besides, Im not alone here, we can not as we all make mistakes And after a while you already see the open doors and you do not want to go through them you become a stranger to the world of freedom, youve already formatted Similarly, it seems a world of heroes Kobo Abes Woman in the Dunes, who also spent all of his life force to internally search for the meaning of the eternal struggle with the sand at some point refuse to newfound freedom. Consciousness, turned inside out for freedom is no longer needed. I do not know how I would have reacted to the book Dino Buzzati, I read it in his youth. Might have said to himself, thats for sure no matter what illusions do not get caught. But I read it, already being tightly strung on a hook of self-deception. And, probably, because of its OTFORMATIROVANY, I was horrified to this discovery. With some hooks, I did not tear. But life is full and those who lie in wait for me, today, and tomorrow. And can, thanks to this book, I have at least a part of the illusion was waiting for me I can still get around and snatch yourself at least a piece of freedom.

Free Essays on Humanitarian

HUMANITARIAN SITUATION, PROBLEMS, and AGENCIES PRESENT In the West Bank, UN humanitarian access to most towns and villages, while officially allowed, is often still delayed by bureaucratic procedures. Delivery is made more difficult by the fact that field offices remain short of personnel due to movement restrictions experienced by Palestinian staff members. Bethlehem remains a closed military area. Palestinians are also unable to move freely in most of the West Bank due to curfews, checkpoints, and ongoing IDF military operations. Curfews remain in place on a number of towns throughout the West Bank. Israel has closed off areas and restricted the movement of Palestinians during years of Israeli-Palestinian bloodshed, marked by Palestinians suicide bombings and attacks against military and civilian targets and Israeli incursions into Palestinian controlled zones. Some 100,000 Palestinian jobs in Israel have been lost, agricultural production has fallen, and large parts of the Palestinian population are unable to get access to basic services such as health care, education, food and water. Malnutrition has been increasing with a percentage of children under 5 now suffering from chronic or acute malnutrition. Half of the population has had to borrow money to purchase food. Households have had to sell assets to buy food, including jewelry and other personal effects. More then half of the Palestinians now receive direct food assistance, a more than five-fold increase from two years ago. International and Palestinian aid organizations have faced increasing obstacles in delivering food and humanitarian supplies including permit requirements, denial of access at borders and checkpoints and denial of aid. HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS Israeli military courts and thousands of military orders have governed the civilian population in the Occupied Palestinian Territories since 1967. Between 1967 and 1998, approximate... Free Essays on Humanitarian Free Essays on Humanitarian HUMANITARIAN SITUATION, PROBLEMS, and AGENCIES PRESENT In the West Bank, UN humanitarian access to most towns and villages, while officially allowed, is often still delayed by bureaucratic procedures. Delivery is made more difficult by the fact that field offices remain short of personnel due to movement restrictions experienced by Palestinian staff members. Bethlehem remains a closed military area. Palestinians are also unable to move freely in most of the West Bank due to curfews, checkpoints, and ongoing IDF military operations. Curfews remain in place on a number of towns throughout the West Bank. Israel has closed off areas and restricted the movement of Palestinians during years of Israeli-Palestinian bloodshed, marked by Palestinians suicide bombings and attacks against military and civilian targets and Israeli incursions into Palestinian controlled zones. Some 100,000 Palestinian jobs in Israel have been lost, agricultural production has fallen, and large parts of the Palestinian population are unable to get access to basic services such as health care, education, food and water. Malnutrition has been increasing with a percentage of children under 5 now suffering from chronic or acute malnutrition. Half of the population has had to borrow money to purchase food. Households have had to sell assets to buy food, including jewelry and other personal effects. More then half of the Palestinians now receive direct food assistance, a more than five-fold increase from two years ago. International and Palestinian aid organizations have faced increasing obstacles in delivering food and humanitarian supplies including permit requirements, denial of access at borders and checkpoints and denial of aid. HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS Israeli military courts and thousands of military orders have governed the civilian population in the Occupied Palestinian Territories since 1967. Between 1967 and 1998, approximate...

Threats to Forest Ecosystems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Threats to Forest Ecosystems - Assignment Example The Agenda 21 highlighted the need to alleviate poverty, change methods of production and consumption and addressing various issues to promote sustainable development. In this light let us review the efforts of some of the rich and poor countries of the world towards protecting our environment (Earth Summit, 1997). According to the National Atlas of the United States (2000), United States is a country rich with forests. About one-third of the country is covered with forests which comprise about 747 million acres of the land. Fortunately, to some extent, the country has been able to preserve its forests for the past 100 years. This has been primarily due to reversion of marginal farmland in the east, increased plantation in the south and control over forest fires. However, the country has faced problems due to urbanization, increased agriculture, reservoir construction and natural disasters. Approximately 48 lower states of America have experienced deforestation due to human interruption to such an extent that forests have lost their originality. With the increase in the population, there has been a significant loss of the original forest and the current situation shows that the century-old forest covers only 7% of the forest area. In the east, the forest covers about 384 million acres area and includes broadleaf and coniferous forests. In the west, the forest covers an area of 363 million acres of predominantly coniferous trees. A lot of forest area is owned by private people as well. About 10 million people own about 422 million acres of forest area (National Atlas of the United States, 2000). Nogueroun (2002) states that forests in the United States have played a major role in boosting the country’s economy. Forests are used for the production of timber and nontimber products such as medicinal herbs, berries, mushrooms. Timber industry relies totally on Forests.

Business Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Business Law - Case Study Example Terms in the competition also granted Nutritional Sciences ownership and usage of contestants’ photographs in its promotions. Englert entered the promotion’s contest and was later informed, in June 2002, of her award as runners up. She was to mail back some paper work within 48 hours in order to claim her award. However, the offered award was cash of $ 250 and the organization’s products worth similar amount, while the original offer identified a cash price of $ 1500 and the organization’s products worth $ 500. Englert did not reply and in July 2005 sued the company for â€Å"breach of contract, fraud, unauthorized use of likeness, invasion of privacy, and violation of the Ohio Consumer Sales Practices Act† (The Supreme Court of Ohio 3). Both parties argued for summary judgment and the County Court ruled in favor of Nutritional Science. Englert appealed citing error in law in the County Court’s holding that appellees are not liable for breach of contract, unauthorized use of likeness and invasion of privacy, fraud, and violation of the state act. Englert also cited error in the previous holding that the company reserved the right to change terms, and was not liable damages. In ruling against appellant on error over breach of contract, change of terms of contract and award of damages for breach of contract, the appeal court argued that even though a contract existed from offer and acceptance, explicit terms of the contract were supreme. Nutritional Sciences based on a clause in the contract reserved rights over cancellation of the contract, and modification of terms of the competition. Consequently, there was no breach of contract in the offered reward, and changes were legal, and no liability for breach of contract. In addition, the appeal court held that fraud claims could not be held on promises or statements for future actions. Englert

Japanese Management System Essay Example for Free

Japanese Management System Essay Management Styles Corporation management is necessary for an institution to survive during times of change as it is the role of management to provide a plan of action, leadership and delegation of authority. Management structure ensures growth will be maintained for the organization and that the corporation will continue to function. Multiple styles of management are determined by who has the responsibility for the delegation of responsibility for decision-making as well as the degree of participation in the decision-making processes across the company. In general, management systems appear to be impacted upon by the aims of the corporation, the magnitude of the organization and the cultural context the organization operates within (Kim, pp. 538-39). Optimal management style is essential to a corporation as the style used will determine how the institutions processes are organized, as well as how efficiently employees will work cooperatively or in competition with each other. Work experiences such as employee cooperation, corporation leadership and employee loyalty to the company will be dependant on the style of management used by the corporation. As such, it is important for different nations to develop human resource management practices that reflect their local circumstances and socio-cultural, political and economic situations. For example, some Asian nations such as South Korea, Taiwan and Japan have adopted a HRM strategy that is grounded in Confucian values of respect for the family foremost, and an emphasis on obligations to the collective (Rowden, pp. 163-64). Japanese Management System Japan is a democratic nation and has a highly refined and formalized culture that is in many ways restrained. The work ethics of Japanese business appears to focus dealing with work pressures in ways that are remarkably different to those of western industries. This is due to the lifetime socialization of Japanese citizens to think in terms of the collective, and behaviours that resemble individualism are highly discouraged. One way to ensure that its people conform to the practice of â€Å"maintaining face† is by the use of ostracism to disengage the non-conforming individualist from the group. Hence, team work and cooperative practices are very salient within the Japanese society. Especially, employees work with a high commitment to their organization, and also display a commitment to the economic welfare of their nation. The Japanese legal system maintains the labour standards that currently exist, a principle one being lifetime employment. Although some employees would prefer a different system to lifetime employment, the ingrained cultural management means that the practice is likely to remain. In fact the government and industry work together most cooperatively. The overall aim of the nation and its industries appears to be steady and continuous growth rather than a focus on profits, shareholder interests are secondary, and investors appear to be content with making minimal profits as long as growth is the focus. The form of management appears to be quite paternal and authoritarian (Mroczkowski, pp. 21-22). Japan tends to be very authoritarian in management style, and so there is little dispersion of power sharing across the company. Redundancy does not seem to be a concern for employees, as lifetime employment ensures that they are receiving a wage at home or they are relegated to another part of the company. As part of lifetime employment the homes of employees may likely be owned by the corporation that they work for. Employees tend to go on leisure trips as a group. Many areas of employee’s lives are influenced by the corporation that they work with. This is one of the ways conformity is expected. There is an emphasis on a team-oriented approach to corporate running. This incorporates Common and consistent goals, Organizational commitment, Role clarity among team members, Team leadership, Mutual accountability with the team, Complementary knowledge and skills, Reinforcement of required behavioural competencies and shared rewards. It s expected that such approaches fulfil the familial and community need that there is a gap present in today’s society, and so the company can fulfil a basic human need. Kaizen   The Japanese style of management is clearly characteristic of its collectivist cultural background. Foremost, the most prominent characteristic of the Japanese corporation is that it is family like in quality. As such, the Japanese corporation can be described as an â€Å"entity† firm, in contrast to a â€Å"property† firm. As an entity, the corporation functions as an institution in that it is maintained across time and has an identity of its own, that is separate and non-dependant on the employees and managers who work within it. This system of corporate governance has existed by way of lifetime employment, seniority of wages and promotion, as well as enterprise-based unions. Lifetime employment is characterized by management being primarily of employees who have spent their entire career within the firm. In this way the seniority wage system could be utilized as a promotion process by way of seniority of age and on the job task ability. Performance merit remained and rivalry was highly dependant on ones ability to cooperate with others (Bamber, p. 303).    What Is The Japanese Management System? This segment sketches the chief management practices that are mostly agreed to have applied in Japan until now, at least in large corporations in the manufacturing sector. As we shall notice afterward, the system as illustrated here is currently experiencing significant amendments. Employment and Personnel Practices Amongst many prominent features of the Japanese management structure, one is the lifetime service. The expression is, however, something of a misnomer and is better expressed as enduring employment with a particular firm. In comparison with much western practice, large firms in Japan aim to sign up all their employees, both blue and white collar, directly from the learning system. Regular workers enter the firm at its minor levels and are then projected to keep with it for the rest of their operational lives. Though some movement between firms is bearable, this is generally restricted to immature employees at the start of their profession. Apart from this, there is an indulgent between employer and employee that to depart the firm amounts to a severe contravene of mutual commitment. This system is self-maintaining because large firms hardly ever enlist personnel from other corporations. Once the preliminary exploration phase is over, employees cannot leave without rigorously damaging their profession prospects. To westerners, life span employment seems perplexing, not least because it appears to restrain a firms capability to amend its employment costs in response to varying business surroundings. But the system is underpinned by the use of transitory workers who can be laid off as the need arises. Lifetime service is therefore far from worldwide in Japan, even in large manufacturing companies. Furthermore, women are expelled from the system. Some approximations have indicated that only 40 to 60% of those functioning in large firms and trading houses are covered by lifetime employment (Coad, pp. 314-16). New employees are given exhaustive technical guidance plus a more general orientation into the firms culture covering such subjects as its history and values. Additional training is offered during each step of the employees livelihood, and is anticipated to be taken very sincerely. For example, upgrading to better levels may depend on successful completion of the firms encouragement examinations. Job-rotation is another major trait of Japanese management approach and is not limited to ground levels and carries on all the way through an employees live of business. Besides rewards of job-security, pay and position, Japanese firms offer a broad range of safety benefits. These may consist of financial support with housing and schooling, medicinal facilities, free transportation and social conveniences. Retirement profits are, however, insufficient by western principles. As with life span employment, welfare necessities express the paternalistic relationship among employer and employee, although momentary workers are not permitted to obtain these benefits. They are also disqualified from membership of the organization union.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, the Japanese policy to decision-making involves wide communication and discussion. Suggestions for change are disseminated within the organization and intricate attempts are made to secure agreement from the parties that are likely to be influenced. Ideas for enhancement to operating actions are encouraged from underneath and are considered at every stage until an agreement is completed (House, pp. 6-7). Taken collectively, practices such as lifetime service, constant teaching and job-rotation, seniority-based pay and sponsorship, wide-range welfare necessities, and agreement decision-making provide centre employees with employment sanctuary, non-stop upgrading in pay and status over a long period, extensive all-encompassing safety benefits, proficiency development through training, and a grade of contribution in decision-making. In return, employees are predicted to display full commitment to their job and to their company. Japanese Management in Japan The well-known advocates of learning from Japan be predisposed to assume that Japans employment and personnel practices and the Japanese management style were the foremost causes of the success of large firms, and hence of national success. Although Japans economy has been triumphant, its industry has not been uniformly so. Industrial and hi-tech competitiveness is one of the burning current issues in Japan. Japans dominance in manufacturing has been displayed chiefly in the mass-production and high-technology industries. This could signify that firms in less successful industries have not applied the employment and personnel practices of Japanese management in the way that those in flourishing industries have (Grein and Takada, pp. 19-20). But an alternative and more reasonable possibility is that these practices are less important to success than has been assumed. Conclusion Yet, the Japanese management system should not be conceptualized as if it is composed only by practices within firms. Japans system of alliance capitalism comprises commonly supportive networks of industrial and financial firms and relations with government which play a momentous role in the economys operation.   Theorists argued that Japans system is adjusting to new conditions but that its basic model of corporate governance, struggle and employment remains largely intact. So even if the personnel practices practiced by large Japanese firms are uniting with those of the Western States, Japans overall management system looks likely to retain its pre-eminent character. Works Cited Bamber, G. and Leggett, C. (2001), Changing employment relations in the Asia-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pacific Region, International Journal of Management, Vol. 22 No.4, pp. 303. Coad, A.F. (2002), Not everything is black and white for falling dominoes, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, Vol. 21 No.6, pp. 314-16. Grein, A.F. and Takada, H. (2001), Integration and responsiveness: marketing strategies of Japanese and European automobile manufacturers, Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 9 No.2, pp.19-20. House, R. (2002), Understanding cultures and implicit leadership theories across the globe: an introduction to project GLOBE, Journal of World Business, Vol. 37 No.1, pp. 6-7. Kim, J. (2000), Perceptions of Japanese organizational culture, Journal of Managerial Culture, Vol. 15 No.6, pp. 538–39. Mroczkowski, T. and Hanaoka, M. (1998), The End of Japanese Management: How Soon? Human Resource Planning, Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 21-22. Rowden, R.W. (2002), The strategic role of human resource management in developing a global corporate culture, International Journal of Management, Vol. 19 No. 2, pp.163-164.

Essay example --

There are over 160,000 fast food restaurant in America, according to statistic brain. Fast food is food that is prepared and served quickly, typically in a store or a restaurant with precook or preheated ingredients, then served to the customer in a carryout packaging. Everyone should think twice before consuming fast food, it’s unhealthy and bad for you. Even if it’s easy and cheap, the food isn’t prepared or taken care of properly, plus the health risk prevail over the five minutes of gratification. The global influences of the fast food industry are the causes of today’s health problems. Everywhere you go, it doesn’t matter what country you’re in there are fast food restaurants. â€Å"Fast food is now served at stadiums, airports, zoos, high schools, elementary schools, and universities, on cruise ships, trains, and airplanes, at K-marts, Walmart’s, gas stations, and even at hospital cafeterias.†(Schlosser) Fast food com panies advertise their product with flashy commercials and catchy slogans to make the public aware of their product by stating that the product is healthy and nutritious, but they don’t display how animals are kept and the chemicals that are placed into making the food. These animals compromise of calorie filled, unhealthy, chemically conditioned substances. â€Å"Over the last three decades, fast food has infiltrated every nook and canny of American society. An industry that began with a handful of modest hot dog and hamburger stands in southern California has spread to every corner of the nation, selling a board range of foods wherever paying customers may be found.†(Schlosser) The fast food industry is one of the fastest growing ones in the United States, contributing to the rise in obesity as well as in other di... ...n your food. Fast food has become part of a lifestyle, some may say tradition, and future generations wouldn’t know what life was like before fast food or without it. With the fast bound lives no one has time to sit and have a home cooked meal with family, kids don’t sit around the table and talk with their families, and of course not everyone is too busy and have better things to do. Apart from consuming fast food, fast food chains are disparaged for worker exploitation, many workers have gone on strike throughout the years, enquiring better pay and better treatment. Flashing a light on the life a fast food worker, greater percentage of fast food workers earn minimum wage than in any other American industry. The focus is on mass production rather than individual gratitude and progression. Having said all that, it comes down to one thing, you are what you eat!

Assess the Value of the Chivalry Thesis in Understanding Gender Differences in Crime

Assess the value of the â€Å"chivalry thesis† in understanding gender differences in crime (21) The chivalry thesis is where women are treated more leniently than men by the criminal justice system. This is because of paternalism and sexism when it comes to male dominated police and courts. As a result of this, criminal statistics underestimate the true extent of female offending. This is because police officers are less likely to convict a woman of a less serious crime because it is a woman therefore are seen as more likely to just get a warning.Graham and bowling (1995) did a self-report study on 14-25 year olds and found that 55% of males and 35% of females admitted to offences in the last twelve months. This suggests that males commit more crime than women in general although this self-report study is based on the younger generations of males and females. Women are also more likely to admit to their offences, which concludes this figure is an accurate one and may suggest that the male figure could also be even higher. Another study would be the youth lifestyles survey (2000) where it was found that 11% females and 26% males committed serious crimes in the last twelve months.In general, women are seen to commit less serious crimes like shoplifting and are very rare for them to commit a violent crime. These statistics show that males are a lot more violent and are more capable of committing more serious crimes compared to women. Flood page et all (2000) found that one in eleven self-reported offences by women resulted in prosecution whereas one in seven did for males. This backs up what Allen (1987) says where women are less likely to be given custodial sentences for indictable motoring offences because they are able to talk their way out of it and apologise sweetly.This could also be the case when it comes to prosecution. As well as this, women are seen to be treated more leniently by law for example, first offenders are half as likely to be given a sentence of immediate imprisonment, where as if it was a man there is no doubt about it. Women are also seen by the police as a less serious threat compared to men and they seem to benefit from informal approaches to their offences such as just a caution or warning.Pollak (1961) states that men(including police officers) are protective towards women and are less likely to prosecute them because of this, especially if it is a typical crime that a women is seen to commit. Female defendants are treated more sympathetically unless it is a crime against children or a serious crime that is seen as a crime only men commit. Because of this protectiveness towards women and courts giving them sympathy this creates an invalid picture on crime rates.Another study would be the ministry of justice (2009) where 49% of females recorded of committing a crime received no more than a caution but in 2007 this figure was 30% which implies that this problem is getting worse year by year. On the other han d, studies by Graham and Bowling and Youth lifestyle study, both found that males tended to be involved in more serious offences, which would explain the higher proportions of men among the convicted and cautioned, also possible males are more likely than females to admit offences in self-report studies.Box (1981) did a self-report study in Britain and USA and found that statistics on gender and crime are fairly accurate. He found that women who commit serious offences are not treated more favourably than men; as well as this the lower rate of prosecutions of females compared to the self-report studies may be because the crimes they admit to are less serious and aren’t likely to go on trial. Women offenders also seem a lot more likely to show regret, which may help to explain why they are more likely to receive a caution instead of going to court instead of police and courts just being seen as protective.Buckle and Farrington (1984) found that men were twice as likely as wome n to shop lift even though official figures suggest men and women are equal. There could be many reasons for this, such as women could be a lot less subtle about it as they are seen as more innocent, whereas males hanging about browsing at things in a department store looks a lot more abnormal. Although women commit less serious crime, those who do are likely to face a serious punishment compared to the males that get convicted for the same crime.This is because it isn’t seen as an acceptable way for a women to act as it defies their feminine role of being caring and loving. Violent crimes are seen to be male crimes because it is scientifically proven that males are a lot more aggressive compared to females because of their levels of testosterone. So when women commit a violent crime, the courts come down on them like a tonne of bricks because of how unnatural it is. Carlen (1997) says that’s sentences given to women are based on the female role and the way that a cert ain female fulfils this role and her character.For example if she is an aggressive women, she will probably get a longer sentence as it strictly defies the female role, whereas if a women was very regretful about what she had done, the courts are more likely to give her sympathy and a softer sentence. If women commit a violent crime they are seen as doubly deviant because they aren’t just committing a crime they are defying their role as a women. Farrington and Morris (1983) did a study, which was the sentencing of 408 offences of theft in a magistrate’s court.They found that women were not treated any differently when it came to crimes men and women both committed as they were seen to end up with similar sentences no matter what their circumstances were. This suggests that the chivalry thesis doesn’t always apply and it may not apply at all. There is seen to be a clear divide in what is and isn’t a female crime. Crimes like shoplifting aren’t as s erious, which means that it may not always end up in court because bigger crimes come first which suggest looking at statistics from convictions and court sentences isn’t an accurate way of measuring the number of female criminals.This may be why the male statistics are always higher because they are usually the ones to commit the worse crimes. Overall I don’t think the chivalry thesis is very valid as it forgets to look at the crimes women commit that don’t get recorded as they get off with a caution. Just because it isn’t a prison sentence, doesn’t mean that the police are being lenient with women it just means that women don’t often commit as serious crimes, but they still do commit crime.

Organic Compounds - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 996 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/09/16 Category Biology Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Organic compound From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Methane is one of the simplest organic compoundsAn organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, simple oxides of carbon and cyanides, as well as the allotropes of carbon such as diamond and graphite, are considered inorganic. The distinction between organic and inorganic carbon compounds, while useful in organizing the vast subject of chemistry s somewhat arbitrary. [1] Organic chemistry is the science concerned with all aspects of organic compounds. Organic synthesis is the methodology of their preparation. Contents [hide] 1 History 1. 1 Vitalism 1. 2 Modern classification 2 Classification 2. 1 Natural compounds 2. 2 Synthetic compounds 3 Nomenclature 4 Databases 5 Structure determination 6 See also 7 References 8 External links [edit] History [edit] Vitalism The name organic is historical, dating back to the 1st century. [citation needed] For many centuries, Western alchemists believed in vitalism. This is the theory that certain compounds could only be synthesized from their classical elements — Earth, Water, Air and Fire — by action of a life-force (vis vitalis) possessed only by organisms. Vitalism taught that these organic compounds were fundamentally different from the inorganic compounds that could be obtained from the elements by chemical manipulation. Vitalism survived for a while even after the rise of modern atomic theory and the replacement of the Aristotelian elements by those we know today. It first came under question in 1824, when Friedrich Wohler synthesized oxalic acid, a compound known to occur only in living organisms, from cyanogen. [citation needed] A more decisive experiment was Wohlers 1828 synthesis of urea from the inorganic salts potassium cyanate and ammonium sulfate . Urea had long been considered to be an organic compound as it was known to occur only in the urine of living organisms. Wohlers experiments were followed by many others, where increasingly complex organic substances were produced from inorganic ones without the involvement of any living organism. citation needed] [edit] Modern classification Even after vitalism had been disproved, the distinction between organic and inorganic compounds has been retained through the present. The modern meaning of organic compound is any one of them that contains a significant amount of carbon even though many of the organic compounds known today have no connection whatsoever with any substance found in living organisms. There is no official definition of an organic compound. Some text books define an organic compound as one containing one or more C-H bonds; others include C-C bonds in the definition. Others state that if a molecule contains carbon it is organic. [2] Even the broader definition of carbon-containing molecules requires the exclusion of carbon-containing alloys (including steel), a relatively small number of carbon-containing compounds such as metal carbonates and carbonyls, simple oxides of carbon and cyanides, as well as the allotropes of carbon and simple carbon halides and sulfides, which are usually considered to be inorganic. The C-H definition excludes compounds which are historically and practically considered to be organic. Neither urea nor oxalic acid are organic by this definition, yet they were two key compounds in the vitalism debate. The IUPAC Blue Book on organic nomenclature specifically mentions urea[3] and oxalic acid. [4] Other compounds lacking C-H bonds that are also traditionally considered to be organic include benzenehexol, mesoxalic acid, and carbon tetrachloride. Mellitic acid, which contains no C-H bonds, is considered to be a possible organic substance in Martian soil. All do, however, contain C-C bonds. [5] The C-H bond only rule also leads to somewhat arbitrary divisions in sets of carbon-fluorine compounds, as for example Teflon is considered by this rule inorganic but Tefzel organic; similarly many Halons are considered inorganic while the rest are organic. For these and other reasons, most sources consider C-H compounds to be only a subset of organic compounds. To summarize: Most carbon-containing compounds are organic, and most compounds with a C-H bond are organic. Not all organic compounds necessarily contain C-H bonds (e. g. urea). [edit] Classification See Classification of organic compounds Organic compounds may be classified in a variety of ways. One major distinction is between natural and synthetic compounds. Organic compounds can also be classified or subdivided by the presence of heteroatoms, e. g. organometallic compounds which feature bonds between carbon and a metal, and organophosphorus compounds which feature bonds between carbon and a phosphorus. Another distinction, based upon the size of organic compounds, distinguishes between small molecules and polymers. [edit] Natural compounds Natural compounds refer to those that are produced by plants or animals. Many of these are still extracted from natural sources because they would be far too expensive to be produced artificially. Examples include most sugars, some alkaloids and terpenoids, certain nutrients such as vitamin B12, and in general, those natural products with large or stereoisometrically complicated molecules present in reasonable concentrations in living organisms. Further compounds of prime importance in biochemistry are antigens, carbohydrates, enzymes, hormones, lipids and fatty acids, neurotransmitters, nucleic acids, proteins, peptides and amino acids, lectins, vitamins and fats and oils. edit] Synthetic compounds Compounds that are prepared by reaction of other compounds are referred to as synthetic. They may be either compounds that already are found in plants or animals (semi synthetic compounds), or those that do not occur naturally. Most polymers (a category which includes all plastics and rubbers), are organic compounds. [edit] Nomenclature The IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds slightly differs from the CAS nomenclature. [edit] Databases The CAS database is the most comprehensive repository for data on organic compounds. The search tool SciFinder is offered. The Beilstein database contains information on 9. 8 million substances, covers the scientific literature from 1771 to the present, and is today accessible via CrossFire. Structures and a large diversity of physical and chemical properties is available for each substance, with reference to original literature. PubChem contains 18. 4 million entries on compounds and especially covers the field of medicinal chemistry. There is a great number of more specialized databases for diverse branches of organic chemistry. [edit] Structure determination Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Organic Compounds" essay for you Create order